Influence of Ramp Position on Joint Biomechanics During Elliptical Trainer Exercise

Introduction: The elliptical trainer, developed to simulate running while minimizing joint loads, elicits a unique lower extremity biomechanical response. The purpose of this study was to examine the angular kinematics, peak net joint moments, and peak joint powers at the hip, knee and ankle joints while exercising at three different ramp settings on the elliptical trainer exercise machine (Precor EFX). Methods: Twenty-six healthy individuals with no history of lower extremity injury and with previous experience exercising on an elliptical trainer volunteered for this study. Motion was captured with two cameras as subjects performed exercise at three ramp conditions. The pedal resistance was kept constant at the lowest setting. The pedals of the elliptical were fitted with three orthogonal load cells. Video and force data were synchronized and used to perform a 2D inverse